Guide on the new Industrial Relations Code, 2020

Table of contents

1. Introduction to the Code on Industrial Relations, 2020

2. Key definitions under the Code on Industrial Relations

3. Key provisions of the Code on Industrial Relations

4. What is changing from the existing bill to the 2020 bill?

5. Impact of non-compliance

6. List of acts that are getting replaced

Introduction to the Code on Industrial Relations, 2020

As part of the labour reform schemes, the Ministry of Labour and Employment is aiming to simplify the compliance landscape by introducing 4 new codes that consolidate 29 labour laws. Out of the 29 existing laws, the Industrial Relations Code, IRC 2020 is replacing 3 regulations: the Trade Unions Act, 1926; the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; and the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

The code streamlines the laws related to trade unions, employment conditions for industries, and a comprehensive handling of industrial disputes. There is also a higher emphasis on building a strong employer-employee relationship, creating better working conditions, collective bargaining, and re-skilling employees.

In this article, we will learn about the latest regulations that were proposed as part of the 2020 bill, what is changed from the earlier proposed IRC 2019 bill, and other important highlights of the code that every employer must know.

Key definitions under the Code on Industrial Relations

Definition of workers

The definition of workers has been expanded further to include journalists, sales promotion employees, and employees who are working as supervisors but are earning less than Rs. 18,000 per month.

Definition of industries

The definition of industries has been amended from the 2019 bill, to exclude the following categories of workplaces:

• • Organisations offering charity, social, or philanthropic service

  • Organisations that are under the control of the Government specifically dealing with defence research, atomic energy, and space exploration

  • Organisations specifically excluded by the central government, if any

 Definition of industrial dispute

1. Any differences of opinion between employees and employers because of employee retrenchment, dismissal, or termination.

2. The worker can appeal this with the governing body (also called the industrial tribunal) within 45 days from the date of retrenchment or termination.

Definition of fixed term employment

Any form of employment with a written contract for a specific duration is considered fixed term employment. The new definition proposes social security benefits for fixed term employees, including:

1. 1. The working hours, salary or wage, benefits and allowances should be the same for fixed term employees as for the other full-time workers of the organisation.

   2. The fixed term employees are also eligible for all the statutory benefits enjoyed by the regular employees, even if the duration of employment is less than the recommended duration to be eligible for statutory benefits.

   3. The fixed term employees will also be eligible for gratuity if the length of the contract extends to a year.

Key provisions of the Code on Industrial Relations

Standing orders

Applicability

1. The 2019 bill fixed the employee threshold for issuing standing orders at 100, but the 2020 revised bill increased this threshold from 100 to 300.

2. For all organisations employing a minimum of 300 employees, standing orders should be passed during the following topics:

   • How the workers are classified according to employment type (permanent, fixed term, contractors, temporary workers, and apprentices).

   • The process that the organisation is going to follow to communicate changes to the employees including work period, hours of work, pay days and wage rates, shifts, attendance, and rules for late coming.

   • Conditions, rules, and approving authorities for leaves and holidays.

   • Rules for termination of employment, and communication of the news to employees, extending to suspensions of work because of misconduct.

   • Remedy measures for employees against unfair treatment and exactions by the employer.

3. Under the 2019 bill, employers had to follow the rules set down by the standing orders even if their employee strength went below 100. To ease the compliance process, the 2020 bill has removed this rule.

Grievance handling committee

Any employer with 20 or more employees has to have one or more grievance handling committees. The IRC has incorporated new regulations that the previous regulation did not address. The panel cannot be more than 10 people, and should have equal and fair representation from employers, employees, and women employees.

Employee layoffs and retrenchment

1. The code defines layoffs as the inability of an employer to continue giving employment—due to shortage of resources, materials or power, breakdown of machinery or natural calamities—for employees in their payroll.

2. The code defines retrenchment as the employer deciding to terminate the services of the employee for any reason excluding disciplinary action. Both layoff rules and retrenchment rules do not apply to organisations with fewer than 50 employees.

3. The code has also taken a stricter stand on the severance wages for employees laid off or retrenched. If an employee has completed one year of continuous service with the organisation, 50% of basic wages and dearness allowance has to be paid if the employee is laid off. For retrenchment, the employee should be given a one-month notice period, or paid an equivalent pay for the same period along with 15 days of wages for every year of continuous service.

For the benefit of the employers, the regulations around layoffs and retrenchment have been simplified. Earlier, employers with more than 100 employees had to seek permission from the appropriate government to lay off or retrench employees, and now the threshold has been increased to 300 employees.

Employee reskilling

To support the retrenched employees, the industrial relations code has allocated funds for employees to upskill themselves. Employees can get wages equivalent to 15 days of their last drawn salary. Employers should transfer the funds to the employees within 45 days from employee retrenchment.

What is changing from the existing bill to the 2020 bill?

Impact of non-compliance

List of acts that are getting replaced under this code

1. The Trade Unions Act, 1926

2. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946

3. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

Official document: 

https://labour.gov.in/sites/default/files/IR_Gazette_of_India.pdf